Kepemimpinan pendidikan vokasi era digital: systematic review dampak mutu dan kompetensi

Abstract

Purpose. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kesenjangan metodologis, teoretis, kontekstual, dan digital dalam studi kepemimpinan pendidikan vokasi serta merumuskan agenda kebijakan masa depan. Method yang digunakan adalah tinjauan sistematis dengan protokol PRISMA. Sebanyak 78 artikel awal disaring dari basis data SINTA, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, dan 16 artikel empiris (2020–2026) dianalisis mendalam. Findings. Kepemimpinan transformasional, instruksional, kreatif, etis, dan profetik terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi guru, karakter siswa, dan hasil belajar, ditemukan lima kesenjangan utama: (1) dominasi desain cross-sectional dan self-report; (2) belum adanya integrasi kecakapan AI (kecerdasan buatan) dalam model kepemimpinan; (3) mekanisme mediasi yang tidak konsisten; (4) minimnya studi komparatif lintas wilayah; (5) tidak adanya intervensi kepemimpinan yang terukur terhadap penyerapan lulusan di industri. Practical Implication. kebijakan kepemimpinan vokasi ke depan harus berbasis pada model terintegrasi yang mencakup kepemimpinan digital, etis, dan berorientasi pada hasil kerja nyata. Originality. kebijakan mencakup pelatihan kepala sekolah berbasis AI, penguatan linkage and match melalui kepemimpinan adaptif, serta pengembangan indikator kinerja kepemimpinan yang terukur.

Abstract

Purpose. This study aims to identify methodological, theoretical, contextual, and digital gaps in vocational education leadership studies and formulate a future policy agenda. Method. The method used is a systematic review with the PRISMA protocol. A total of 78 initial articles were screened from the SINTA, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, and 16 empirical articles (2020–2026) were analyzed in depth. Findings. Transformational, instructional, creative, ethical, and prophetic leadership have been shown to have a positive effect on teacher motivation, student character, and learning outcomes. Five main gaps were found: (1) the dominance of cross-sectional and self-report designs; (2) the lack of integration of AI (artificial intelligence) skills in leadership models; (3) inconsistent mediation mechanisms; (4) the lack of cross-regional comparative studies; (5) the absence of measurable leadership interventions on graduate absorption in industry. Practical Implications. Future vocational leadership policies must be based on an integrated model that includes digital, ethical, and results-oriented leadership. Originality. The policy includes AI-based principal training, strengthening linkages and matchmaking through adaptive leadership, and developing measurable leadership performance indicators.